Malaria risk
Negligible for the classic loop (Windhoek, Sossusvlei, Swakopmund, Damaraland). Low to moderate in Etosha November–April. Real in Caprivi/Zambezi and Kavango year-round. Speak to a travel clinic if Caprivi is on your route.
Standard vaccinations
Tetanus, MMR, polio up to date. Hepatitis A worth having. Rabies pre-exposure is a discussion with your clinic — useful for long trips.
Water and food
Tap water safe in Windhoek, Swakopmund, all reputable lodges and NWR camps. Bottled water in deep-rural Kavango/Caprivi. Restaurant food is safe across the tourist circuit.
Sun and dehydration
Bigger risk than disease. SPF50, hat, 3L of water per person per day on driving days. Sunburn is the #1 traveller medical complaint here.
