Water
Namibia is the driest country south of the Sahara. Lodges ask you to reuse towels and limit showers — comply. Refill bottles at lodge taps rather than buying single-use plastic.
Waste
Pack out everything you pack in on camping trips. Cigarette butts especially — they don't biodegrade in arid conditions. Lodges manage their own waste streams; respect bin separation where indicated.
Wildlife distance
30m minimum from elephant, 25m from rhino. No off-road driving in Etosha NP — period. Don't tip guides to push closer. The animal sets the distance; you respect it.
Communities
Ask before photographing Himba or Damara villagers — the answer is often 'yes for a small fee' and that's fair. Buy crafts direct from the maker. Tip lodge staff (NAD 50–100 per guest per day in a communal box).
Vehicle
Stay on marked tracks. Don't drive in dry riverbeds (you crush ecosystems). Don't drive on dunes outside guided tours. The 4x4 has a low-impact footprint only if you use it that way.
